Kuthekani ukuba i-fiber yeglasi eyomeleziweyo ye-polymer (GFRP) imidibaniso inokudityaniswa ekupheleni kobomi babo obuluncedo, ukongeza kumashumi eminyaka eenzuzo eziqinisekisiweyo zokunciphisa ubunzima, amandla kunye nokuqina, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuqina? Oko, ngamafutshane, sisibheno setekhnoloji ye-ABM Composite.
Iglasi yeBioactive, iifibers ezinamandla aphezulu
Yasekwa ngo-2014, i-Arctic Biomaterials Oy (i-Tampere, eFinland) iphuhlise i-fiber yeglasi ye-biodegradable eyenziwe kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yiglasi ye-bioactive, leyo uAri Rosling, umlawuli we-R&D kwi-ABM Composite, eyichaza "njengendlela ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngo-1960 evumela iglasi ukuba ukuthotywa phantsi kweemeko zomzimba. Xa ifakwe emzimbeni, iglasi iyaqhekeka ibe ziityuwa zeminerali eyinxalenye yayo, ikhuphe isodiyam, imagnesium, iphosphates, njalo njalo, ngaloo ndlela idala imeko ebangela ukukhula kwamathambo.”
“Ineempawu ezifanayoIfayibha yeglasi engenaalkali (E-glass).” URosling uthe, "Kodwa le glasi ye-bioactive kunzima ukuyenza kunye nokuzoba kwiifayibha, kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ibisetyenziswa kuphela njengomgubo okanye iputty. Njengoko sisazi, i-ABM Composite yayiyinkampani yokuqala ukwenza iintsinga zeglasi ezinamandla aphezulu ukusuka kuyo kwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso, kwaye ngoku sisebenzisa ezi ArcBiox X4/5 iifiber zeglasi ukuqinisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeplastiki, kubandakanywa iipolymers ze-biodegradable ".
Ukufakelwa kwezonyango
Ummandla waseTampere, iiyure ezimbini kumntla weHelsinki, eFinland, ube liziko leepolymers ze-bio-based biodegradable kwizicelo zonyango ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1980. URosling uyachaza, “Enye yezinto zokuqala ezifakelwayo ezifumanekayo kurhwebo ezenziwe ngezi zixhobo zaveliswa eTampere, yaqala ngolo hlobo ke i-ABM Composite! ngoku eyiyunithi yethu yoshishino lwezonyango”.
"Zininzi iipolymers ezinokufaniswa ne-bioabsorbable zokufakelwa." Uhlabela mgama esithi, “kodwa iimpawu zabo zomatshini azifani nethambo lendalo. Sikwazile ukukhulisa ezi polima ze-biodegradable ukuze sinike ukufakelwa amandla afanayo nethambo lendalo ”. U-Rosling waphawula ukuba ibakala lezonyango i-ArcBiox yeglasi yefibers kunye nokongezwa kwe-ABM inokuphucula iimpawu zemishini yeepolymers ze-PLLA eziguquguqukayo nge-200% ukuya kwi-500%.
Ngenxa yoko, ukufakelwa kwe-ABM Composite kunika ukusebenza okuphezulu kunokufakelwa okwenziwe ngeepolymers ezingaqiniswanga, ngelixa zikwazi ukuxhamla kunye nokukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwamathambo kunye nokukhula. I-ABM Composite ikwasebenzisa iindlela zokubeka i-automated fibre/strand placement ukuqinisekisa ukuqhelaniswa kwefiber eyona ilungileyo, kuqukwa nokubeka iintsinga kubo bonke ubude bofakelo, kunye nokubeka iintsinga ezongezelelweyo kwiindawo ezinokuba buthathaka.
Izicelo zasekhaya kunye nezobugcisa
Ngokukhula kweyunithi yeshishini lezonyango, i-ABM Composite iyaqaphela ukuba iipolymers ezisekwe kwibhayoloji kunye ne-biodegradable nazo zinokusetyenziselwa izinto zasekhitshini, izixhobo zokusika kunye nezinye izinto zasekhaya. "Ezi polymers zinokonakala ngokwendalo zineempawu ezimbi zoomatshini xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki ezisekwe kwipetroleum." URosling uthe, "Kodwa sinokuzomeleza ezi mathiriyeli ngeentsinga zethu zeglasi ezinokubola, sizenze zibe yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwiiplastiki zorhwebo ezisekwe kwifosili kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zobugcisa".
Ngenxa yoko, i-ABM Composite iye yandisa iyunithi yoshishino lobugcisa, ngoku iqeshe abantu abangama-60. "Sinikezela ngezisombululo ezizinzileyo zokuphela kobomi (EOL)." U-Rosling uthi, "Ixabiso lethu lesiphakamiso kukubeka ezi ngxubevange ezinokonakala kwimizi-mveliso apho zijika zibe ngumhlaba." I-E-glass yesiNtu i-inert kwaye ayiyi kuthotywa kwezi zixhobo zomgquba.
I-ArcBiox Fiber Composites
I-ABM Composite iphuhlise iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-ArcBiox X4/5 zeglasi zemicu yosetyenziso oludibeneyo, ukusukaiintsinga ezimfutshanekunye nenaliti yokubumba iikhompawundi ukuyaimicu eqhubekayokwiinkqubo ezinje ngelaphu kunye nokubumba i-pultrusion. Uluhlu lwe-ArcBiox BSGF ludibanisa i-biodegradable glass fibers kunye ne-bio-based polyester resins kwaye ifumaneka kumabakala obuchwepheshe ngokubanzi kunye ne-ArcBiox 5 amabakala avunyiweyo ukuba asetyenziswe kwizicelo zoqhagamshelwano lokutya.
I-ABM Composite iphinde iphande ngeentlobo ze-biodegradable kunye ne-bio-based polymers kuquka i-Polylactic Acid (PLA), i-PLLA kunye ne-Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa indlela i-X4 / 5 yeglasi ye-glass fibers enokuphucula ngayo ukusebenza ukukhuphisana ne-glass fiber fibers eqiniswe iipolymers ezifana ne-polypropylene (PP) kunye ne-polyamide 6 (PA6).
I-ABM Composite iphinde iphande ngeentlobo ze-biodegradable kunye ne-bio-based polymers, kuquka i-Polylactic Acid (PLA), i-PLLA kunye ne-Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa indlela i-X4 / 5 yeglasi ye-glass fibers enokuphucula ngayo ukusebenza ukukhuphisana ne-glass fiber fibers eqiniswe iipolymers ezifana ne-polypropylene (PP) kunye ne-polyamide 6 (PA6).
Ukuqina kunye nokuThobeka
Ukuba ezi zidibaniso ziyakwazi ukubola, ziya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani? “Imicu yethu yeglasi eyi-X4/5 ayinyibiliki kwimizuzu emihlanu okanye ubusuku bonke njengoko iswekile isenza, kwaye ngelixa iipropathi zazo ziya kuhla ngokuhamba kwexesha, aziyi kuphawuleka.” URosling uthi, “Ukuthoba isidima ngokufanelekileyo, sifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokufuma kangangexesha elide, njengoko kufumaneka kwi-vivo okanye kwiimfumba zomgquba kwimizi-mveliso. Umzekelo, siye savavanya iikomityi kunye nezitya ezenziwe ngezinto zethu ze-ArcBiox BSGF, kwaye zinokumelana ukuya kuthi ga kwimijikelo ye-200 yokuhlamba izitya ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Kukho ukuthotywa kweempawu zoomatshini, kodwa hayi ukuya kwindawo apho iikomityi zingakhuselekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe”.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba xa ezi zidityani zilahlwayo ekupheleni kobomi bazo obuluncedo, ziyayifezekisa imigangatho efunekayo yokwenza umgquba, kwaye i-ABM Composite yenze uthotho lweemvavanyo ukubonisa ukuba iyayifezekisa le migangatho. "Ngokwemigangatho ye-ISO (ye-composting ye-industrial), i-biodegradation kufuneka yenzeke kwiinyanga ezi-6 kunye nokubola kwiinyanga ezi-3 / iintsuku ezingama-90". URosling uthi, “Ukubola kuthetha ukubeka isampulu yovavanyo/imveliso kwi-biomass okanye kwi-compost. emva kweentsuku ezingama-90, igcisa lihlola i-biomass isebenzisa isihluzo. emva kweeveki ezili-12, ubuncinane i-90 yepesenti yemveliso kufuneka ikwazi ukudlula kwi-sieve ye-2 mm × 2 mm".
I-Biodegradation inqunywe ngokugaya izinto ezinyulu zibe ngumgubo kunye nokulinganisa inani elipheleleyo le-CO2 ekhutshwe emva kweentsuku ze-90. Oku kuhlola ukuba ungakanani umxholo wekhabhoni wenkqubo yokudibanisa uguqulwa ube ngamanzi, i-biomass kunye ne-CO2. "Ukuphumelela uvavanyo lwe-composting ye-industrial, i-90 ipesenti ye-theoretical 100 yepesenti ye-CO2 ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuqulunqa kufuneka ifezekiswe (ngokusekelwe kumxholo wekhabhoni)".
U-Rosling uthi i-ABM Composite iye yahlangabezana neemfuno zokubola kunye ne-biodegradation, kwaye iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-glass fiber yayo ye-X4 ngokwenene kuphucula i-biodegradability (jonga kwitheyibhile engentla), eyi-78% kuphela yomxube we-PLA ongaqiniswanga, umzekelo. Uyachaza, "Nangona kunjalo, xa i-30% yethu ye-biodegradable glass fibers yongezwa, i-biodegradation yanda ukuya kwi-94%, ngelixa amazinga okunciphisa ahlala elungile".
Ngenxa yoko, i-ABM Composite ibonise ukuba imathiriyeli yayo inokuqinisekiswa njenge-compostable ngokwe-EN 13432. Iimvavanyo ezidluliselwe kwizixhobo zayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ziquka i-ISO 14855-1 ye-aerobic biodegradability yokugqibela yemathiriyeli phantsi kweemeko zomgquba ezilawulwayo, i-ISO 16929 ye-aerobic. ukubola okulawulwayo, i-ISO DIN EN 13432 yeemfuno zemichiza, kunye ne-OECD 208 yovavanyo lwe-phytotoxicity, i-ISO DIN EN 13432.
I-CO2 ikhutshwe ngexesha lokuvundisa
Ngexesha lokwenza umgquba, iCO2 iyakhululwa, kodwa enye ihlala emhlabeni ize isetyenziswe zizityalo. Ukwenziwa komgquba kuye kwaphononongwa amashumi eminyaka, njengenkqubo yoshishino kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba emva kokukhupha i-CO2 engaphantsi kunezinye iindlela zokulahla inkunkuma, kwaye ukwenza umgquba kusabonwa njengenkqubo yokunciphisa indalo kunye nekhabhoni.
I-Ecotoxicity ibandakanya ukuvavanya i-biomass eveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza umgquba kunye nezityalo ezikhuliswe kunye nale biomass. "Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba ukwenza umgquba kwezi mveliso akuzonzakalisa izityalo ezikhulayo." Utshilo uRosling. Ukongeza, i-ABM Composite ibonise ukuba izixhobo zayo zihlangabezana neemfuno ze-biodegradation phantsi kweemeko zomgquba wasekhaya, ezifuna kwakhona i-90% ye-biodegradation, kodwa kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12, xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifutshane lokudibanisa kwimizi-mveliso.
Izicelo zamashishini, imveliso, iindleko kunye nokukhula kwexesha elizayo
Izinto ze-ABM Composite zisetyenziswa kwinani lezicelo zorhwebo, kodwa okuninzi akunakuchazwa ngenxa yezivumelwano zemfihlo. URosling uthi: “Siodola izinto zethu ukuze zilungele ukusetyenziswa okunje ngeekomityi, iisosi, iipleyiti, izinto zokugalela kunye nezitya zokugcina ukutya, kodwa zikwasetyenziswa njengenye indlela kwiiplastiki ezenziwe ngepetroleum kwizikhongozeli zokuthambisa kunye nezinto ezinkulu zasendlwini. Kutshanje, izixhobo zethu ziye zakhethwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ekwenziweni kwamacandelo kufakelo loomatshini abakhulu ekufuneka betshintshwe rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-2-12. Ezi nkampani ziye zaqaphela ukuba ngokusebenzisa i-X4 yethu yeglasi yokuqinisa ifayibha, la malungu omatshini anokwenziwa ngokuxhathisa okufunekayo kwaye ayavuyiswa emva kokusetyenziswa. Esi sisisombululo esinomtsalane kwikamva elingekude njengoko ezi nkampani zijongene nomceli mngeni wokuhlangabezana nemigaqo emitsha yokusingqongileyo kunye ne-CO2 ekhutshwayo”.
URosling wongeze wathi, "Kukwakho umdla okhulayo wokusebenzisa iintsinga zethu eziqhubekayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamalaphu kunye nee-nonwovens ukwenza izinto zolwakhiwo kwishishini lokwakha. Sikwabona umdla wokusebenzisa imicu yethu enokubola ngebhayoloji kodwa engeyiyo i-biodegradable PA okanye iPP kunye nemathiriyeli yethermoset engasebenziyo”.
Okwangoku, i-X4/5 i-fiberglass ibiza kakhulu kune-E-glass, kodwa imiqulu yemveliso nayo incinci, kwaye i-ABM Composite ilandela inani lamathuba okwandisa izicelo kunye nokuququzelela i-ramp-up ukuya kwi-20,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka njengoko imfuno ikhula, nto leyo enokunceda ekunciphiseni iindleko. Nangona kunjalo, uRosling uthi kwiimeko ezininzi iindleko ezinxulumene nokuzinza kunye neemfuno ezintsha zokulawula azizange ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Okwangoku, ukungxamiseka kokusindisa iplanethi kuyakhula. "Uluntu sele lufuna iimveliso ezingakumbi ezisekwe kwibhayoloji." Uyachaza, "Kukho inkuthazo eninzi yokutyhala itekhnoloji yokuphinda isetyenziswe phambili, ihlabathi kufuneka lihambe ngokukhawuleza kule nto kwaye ndicinga ukuba uluntu luya kwandisa kuphela ukunyusa kweemveliso ezisekelwe kwi-bio kwixesha elizayo".
I-LCA kunye ne-Advantage yoZinzo
U-Rosling uthi izinto ze-ABM Composite zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla angahlaziyekiyo ngama-50-60 ekhulwini ngekhilogram. “Sisebenzisa i-Environmental Footprint Database 2.0, i-database ye-GaBi eqinisekisiweyo, kunye ne-LCA (Uhlalutyo lwe-Life Cycle Analysis) kwiimveliso zethu ngokusekelwe kwindlela echazwe kwi-ISO 14040 kunye ne-ISO 14044 ″.
“Okwangoku, xa imidibaniso ifikelela esiphelweni somjikelo wobomi babo, kuyafuneka amandla amaninzi ukuze kutshiswe okanye kutshiswe inkunkuma edityanisiweyo kunye neemveliso ze-EOL, kwaye ukucola kunye nokwenza umgquba lukhetho olunomtsalane, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo sesinye sezindululo zexabiso esizinikezelayo, kwaye sinika uhlobo olutsha lokuphinda usebenziseke kwakhona.” URosling uthi, “Ifiberglass yethu yenziwe ngezinto zendalo ezisele zikho emhlabeni. Ngoko kutheni unganyibiliki imicu ye-compost ye-EOL, okanye unyibilikise iintsinga ezivela kwicompositi ezingaboliyo emva kokutshiswa kwaye uzisebenzise njengesichumiso? Olu lukhetho lokurisayikilisha olunomdla wokwenyani kwihlabathi”.
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Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2024