(I) Fikradda ahxabagta epoxy
Xabagta Epoxy waxa loola jeedaa qaab dhismeedka silsiladda polymer ka kooban yahay laba ama in ka badan kooxaha epoxy ee xeryahooda polymer ah, waxaa iska leh xabagta heerkulbeegga, resin wakiilka waa bisphenol A nooca epoxy resin.
(II) Astaamaha resins epoxy (badanaa loo yaqaan bisphenol A nooca resins epoxy)
1. Qiimaha codsiga resin epoxy shakhsi waa mid aad u hooseeya, waxay u baahan tahay in lala isticmaalo wakiilka daaweynta si uu u yeesho qiimo wax ku ool ah.
2. Xoogga isku xidhka sare: xoogga isku xidhka xabagta xabagta epoxy ayaa safka hore kaga jirta xabagta synthetic.
3. Daawaynta dhimista waa yar tahay, in xabagta epoxy resin libdhku waa kan ugu yar, kaas oo sidoo kale ah koollada epoxy resin daawaynta koollada sare mid ka mid ah sababaha.
4. Iska caabin kiimiko oo wanaagsan: kooxda ether-ka, giraanta benzene iyo kooxda aliphatic hydroxyl ee nidaamka daawaynta si sahal ah uma baabi'in acid iyo alkali. Biyaha badda, batroolka, kerosene, 10% H2SO4, 10% HCl, 10% HAc, 10% NH3, 10% H3PO4 iyo 30% Na2CO3 ayaa la isticmaali karaa laba sano; iyo 50% H2SO4 iyo 10% HNO3 gelinta heerkulka qolka nus sano; 10% NaOH (100 ℃) quusin muddo hal bil ah, wax qabadku isma beddelin.
5. Xakamaynta korantada ee aadka u fiican: korantada burburka ee resin epoxy waxay ka weynaan kartaa 35kv / mm 6. Waxqabadka habka wanaagsan, xasiloonida cabbirka alaabta, caabbinta wanaagsan iyo nuugista biyaha hooseeya. Bisphenol A-nooca nooca epoxy faa'iidooyinka ayaa wanaagsan, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinkeeda: ①. Viscosity shaqaynta, kaas oo u muuqda mid aan ku habboonayn dhismaha ②. Maaddada la daaweeyay waa jajab, dhererku waa yar yahay. ③ Xoogga diirka oo hooseeya. ④ Iska caabbinta liidata ee shoogga farsamada iyo kulaylka.
(III) codsiga iyo horumarintaxabagta epoxy
1. Taariikhda horumarinta ee xabagta epoxy: xabagta epoxy waxaa laga codsadey patent Swiss by P.Castam 1938, xabagta epoxy ee ugu horeysay waxaa sameeyay Ciba 1946, daahan epoxy waxaa sameeyay SOCreentee ee USA 1949, iyo Wax soo saarka warshadaynta ee resin epoxy waxa la bilaabay 1958kii.
2. Codsiga xajinta epoxy: ① Warshadaha dahaarka: resin epoxy in industry daahan waxay u baahan tahay qadarka ugu weyn ee daahan biyaha ku salaysan, daahan budo iyo dahaarka sare ee adag ayaa si aad ah loo isticmaalo. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaali karaa weelasha dhuumaha, baabuurta, maraakiibta, hawada sare, elektiroonigga, alaabta carruurtu ku ciyaarto, farsamada gacanta iyo warshadaha kale. ② warshadaha korantada iyo elektiroonigga ah: Xabagta xabagta epoxy waxaa loo isticmaali karaa agabka dahaarka korantada, sida rectifiers, transformers, dheriga xidhitaanka; xiridda iyo ilaalinta qaybaha elektiroonigga ah; alaabta elektiroonigga ah, dahaarka iyo isku xidhka; xidhitaanka iyo xidhitaanka baytariyada; capacitors, resistors, inductors, oogada sare ee marada. ③ Dahabka dahabka ah, farsamada gacanta, warshadaha alaabta isboortiga: waxaa loo isticmaali karaa calaamadaha, dahabka, calaamadaha ganacsiga, qalabka, raketyada, wax ka qabashada kalluumeysiga, alaabta ciyaaraha, farsamada gacanta iyo alaabada kale. ④ Warshadaha Optoelectronic: waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu dhejiyo, buuxinta iyo isku-xidhka diodes-ka ifaya (LED), tuubooyinka dhijitaalka ah, tuubooyinka pixel, bandhigyada elektiroonigga ah, nalalka LED-ka iyo alaabada kale. ⑤ Warshadaha dhismaha: Waxa kale oo si weyn loogu isticmaali doonaa waddooyinka, buundooyinka, sagxadaha, qaab dhismeedka birta, dhismaha, dahaarka gidaarka, biyo xidheenka, dhismaha injineernimada, dayactirka haraaga dhaqanka iyo warshadaha kale. ⑥ Adhesives, sealants and composites field: sida marawaxadaha dabaysha, farsamada gacanta, ceramics, galaas iyo noocyada kale ee isku xidhka u dhexeeya walxaha, xaashi fiber carbon isku dhafan, walxaha microelectronic shaabadeynta iyo wixii la mid ah.
(IV) Astaamahaxabagta xabagta epoxy
1. Xabagta xabagta epoxy waxay ku salaysan tahay sifooyinka resin epoxy of reprocessing ama wax ka beddelka, si ay xuduudaha waxqabad ee waafaqsan shuruudaha gaarka ah, sida caadiga ah xabagta epoxy sidoo kale u baahan tahay in ay leeyihiin wakiilka ah daawayn si ay u isticmaalaan, oo u baahan in ay noqon isku qasan si isku mid ah si loo daweeyo, guud ahaan xabagta epoxy resin loo yaqaan xabagta A ama wakiilka ugu weyn, wakiilka daawaynta ee loo yaqaan xabagta B ama wakiilka daawaynta (adageeyaha).
2. oo ka tarjumaysa sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee xabagta epoxy ka hor inta aan la daaweynin waa: midabka, viscosity, cufnaanta gaarka ah, saamiga, wakhtiga gel, wakhtiga la heli karo, wakhtiga daaweynta, thixotropy (socodka joojinta), qallafsanaanta, xiisadda dusha sare iyo wixii la mid ah. Viscosity (Viscosity): waa iska caabbinta khilaaf ee gudaha kolloid ee socodka, qiimaheeda waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa nooca walaxda, heerkulka, feejignaanta iyo arrimo kale.
Jeel waqti: daawaynta xabaggu waa habka beddelka dareeraha ilaa xoojinta, laga bilaabo bilawga falcelinta xabagta ilaa xaaladda muhiimka ah ee jelku waxay u janjeertaa waqti adag waqtiga jel, kaas oo lagu go'aamiyo qadarka isku dhafka ah ee resin epoxy xabagta, heerkulka iyo arrimo kale.
ThixotropySifadaani waxa ay tilmaamaysaa kolloid ay taabteen xoogag dibadeed (gariir, walaaq, gariir, mowjadaha ultrasonic, iwm.), oo leh xooga dibadeed qaro ilaa dhuuban, marka arimaha dibada si ay u joojiyaan doorka kolloidku dib ugu noqdaan asalka marka joogto ah ee ifafaale.
Adag: waxaa loola jeedaa iska caabinta walxaha ka soo horjeeda xoogagga dibadda sida xoqidda iyo xoqidda. Marka loo eego hababka kala duwan ee imtixaanada Shore ( Shore), adkaanta Brinell (Brinell), Rockwell (Rockwell) qallafsanaanta, Mohs (Mohs) qallafsanaanta, Barcol (Barcol) adkaanta, Vickers (Vichers) qallafsanaanta iyo wixii la mid ah. Qiimaha qallafsanaanta iyo nooca tijaabiyaha ee la xidhiidha tijaabiyaha adkaanta ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo, Qaab dhismeedka adkaanta ee Shore waa mid fudud, ku haboon kormeerka wax soo saarka kolloid, C iyo nooca D ee cabbiraadda kolloid-adag iyo badh-adag.
Xiisadda dusha sare: soo jiidashada molecules ee dareeraha ku jira si ay molecules-ka dusha sare ee gudaha ku jira awood, xooggani waxa uu ka dhigayaa dareeraha inta ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah si uu u yareeyo bedkiisa iyo samaynta isbarbardhigga dusha xoogga, oo loo yaqaano kacsanaanta dusha sare. Ama is jiid jiidka u dhexeeya labada qaybood ee isku xiga ee dusha sare ee dareeraha dhererka cutubka, waa muujinta xoogga kelli. Halbeegga kacsanaanta dusha sare waa N/m. Baaxadda xiisadda dusha sare waxay la xiriirtaa dabeecadda, nadiifnimada iyo heerkulka dareeraha.
3. ka tarjumaysa sifooyinkaxabagta xabagta epoxyka dib markii la daaweeyay sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan waa: iska caabin, danab, nuugista biyaha, xoog cadaadis, xajin (xanuun) xoog, xoog xiirid, xoogga diirka, xoogga saamaynta, kulaylka qalloocan heerkulka, heerkulka kala guurka galaas, stress gudaha, caabbinta kiimikada, elongation, yaraynta coefficient , dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka, korantada korantada, cimilada, caabbinta gabowga, iyo wixii la mid ah.
iska caabinSharaxaad ka bixi sifooyinka caabbinta walxaha sida caadiga ah leh caabbinta dusha sare ama caabbinta mugga. Iska caabbinta dusha sare waa isla dusha u dhexeeya labada korantada ee la qiyaasay qiimaha iska caabinta, unuggu waa Ω. Qaabka korantada iyo qiimaha iska caabinta waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa iyadoo la isku darayo caabbinta dusha sare ee aag kasta. Iska caabbinta mugga, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano iska caabbinta mugga, iskudhafka caabbinta mugga, waxaa loola jeedaa qiimaha iska caabbinta iyada oo loo marayo dhumucda walxaha, waa tilmaame muhiim ah oo lagu garto sifooyinka korantada ee qalabka dielectric ama insulating. Waa tilmaame muhiim ah oo lagu garto sifooyinka korantada ee maaddooyinka dielectric ama insulating. 1cm2 iska caabin dielectric ah oo u adkaysta qulqulka hadda, unugga waa Ω-m ama Ω-cm. Inta uu sii weynaado iska caabbinta, ayaa ka sii fiicnaanaysa guryaha dahaadhka ah.
Caddaynta danab: sidoo kale loo yaqaano xoogga korantada ee adkeysiga (awoodda dahaarka), kororka sare ee lagu daray cidhifyada kolloid, dallaca weyn ee maaddada ayaa la hoos geeyaa xoogga goobta korontada, waxay u badan tahay inay ionize isku dhacaan, taasoo keentay burburka kolloidka. Samee burburka dahaarka ee danabka ugu hooseeya waxaa loo yaqaan shayga burburka. Samee 1 mm dhumuc qaro weyn oo walaxda ah, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku darto kilovolts danab ah oo loo yaqaan 'insulating material insulation' oo u adkaysta xoogga korantada, oo loo tixraaco sida korantada u adkaysta, cutubku waa: Kv/mm. Dahaarka walxaha iyo heerkulka ayaa leh xiriir dhow. Heerkulka sarreeya, ayaa ka sii daraya wax-qabadka dahaarka ee walxaha dahaadhka ah. Si loo hubiyo xoogga dahaarka, walxo kasta oo daboolaya ayaa leh heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee la oggol yahay ee shaqada, heerkulkan hoose, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si badbaado leh muddo dheer, in ka badan heerkulkani wuxuu noqon doonaa mid degdeg ah gabow.
nuugista biyaha: Waa halbeeg lagu qiyaaso inta ay maaddo biyaha nuugtaa. Waxa ay tilmaamaysaa kororka tirada walaxda biyaha lagu dhex milmay wakhti go'an oo heerkul gaar ah.
Xoog xajin: Awoodda xajintu waa culayska ugu badan ee adkaysiga marka jelka la kala bixiyo si uu u jabo. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaannaa xoogga xajinta, xoogga jilicsanaanta, xoogga jilicsanaanta. Unuggu waa MPa.
Xoog xiirid: sidoo kale loo yaqaan xoogga dhogorta, waxaa loola jeedaa aagga isku-xidhka cutubku wuxuu u adkeysan karaa culeyska ugu badan ee barbar socda aagga isku-xidhka, unugga inta badan la isticmaalo ee MPa.
Xoogga diirka: sidoo kale loo yaqaan xoogga diirka, waa culeyska ugu badan ee dhaawaca hal ballarkii halbeeg u adkeysan karo, waa cabbirka xariiqda awoodda xoogga, cutubku waa kN / m.
Dheeraynta: waxaa loola jeedaa kolloid ku jira xoogga xajinta ee hoos yimaada ficilka dhererka korodhka dhererka asalka ah ee boqolkiiba.
Heerkulka leexashada kulaylka: waxa loola jeedaa cabbirka caabbinta kulaylka ee alaabta daawaynta, waa muunado wax lagu dawaynayo quusin nooc ka mid ah dhexdhexaadinta kulaylka isothermal ku habboon wareejinta kulaylka, in load qaloocin taagan ee nooca beam si fudud loo taageeray, lagu qiyaasay shaybaarka qalloocinta deformation si ay u gaadhaan qiimaha la cayimay ee heerkulka, yacni, heerkulka leexashada kulaylka, oo loo tixraaco heerkulka leexinta kulaylka, ama HDT.
heerkulka kala guurka galaas: waxa loola jeedaa walxaha la daaweeyay ee ka soo jeeda qaabka dhalada ilaa amorphous ama aadka u laastikada ama dareeraha xaalad kala-guurka (ama lidka ku ah kala-guurka) ee kala duwanaanshaha heerkulka cidhiidhiga ah ee qiyaasta bartamihii, oo loo yaqaan heerkulka kala-guurka dhalada, sida caadiga ah lagu muujiyay Tg, waa calaamad muujinaysa caabbinta kulaylka.
Raashinka yaraanta: waxaa lagu qeexaa sida boqolleyda saamiga hoos u dhaca ilaa cabbirka ka hor dhimista, iyo yaraanta waa farqiga u dhexeeya cabbirka ka hor iyo ka dib dhimista.
Cadaadiska gudaha: waxaa loola jeedaa maqnaanshaha xoogagga dibadda, kolloid (qalabka) sababtoo ah joogitaanka cilladaha, isbeddelka heerkulka, dareeraha, iyo sababaha kale ee cadaadiska gudaha.
Iska caabin kiimikaad: waxaa loola jeedaa awoodda iska caabinta asiidhka, alkalis, cusbada, dareeraha iyo kiimikooyinka kale.
Iska caabinta ololka: waxa loola jeedaa awoodda walaxdu u leedahay in ay iska caabiso gubashada marka ay la xiriirto olol ama ay carqaladeyso sii socoshada gubashada marka laga fogaado ololka.
Iska caabinta cimilada: waxaa loola jeedaa walxaha soo-gaadhista iftiinka qorraxda, kulaylka iyo qabowga, dabaysha iyo roobka iyo xaaladaha kale ee cimilada.
gabowga: daawaynta kolloid ee farsamaynta, kaydinta iyo isticmaalka habka, sababtoo ah arrimo dibadda ah (kuleylka, iftiinka, ogsijiinta, biyaha, fallaadhaha, xoogagga farsamada iyo warbaahinta kiimikada, iwm.), isbeddello jireed ama kiimiko oo taxane ah, si ay Waxyaalaha polymer crosslinking jajaban, dildilaaca dhegdheg, dildilaaca midab, finan qallafsan, xaaqin dusha sare, delamination flaking, waxqabadka si tartiib tartiib ah u sii xumaanaya sifooyinka farsamada ee khasaaraha khasaaraha ee aan la isticmaali karin, ifafaale this waxaa loo yaqaan gabowga. Ifafaalaha isbeddelkan waxa loo yaqaan gabowga.
Dielectric joogto ah: sidoo kale loo yaqaan heerka awood-qaadista, heerka la kiciyay (Ogolaanshaha). Waxa loola jeedaa “mugga unug” ee shayga, unug kasta oo ka mid ah “gradient-ka suurtogalka ah” waxa uu kaydin karaa “tamar koronto” (Electrostatic Energy) inta ah. Marka kolloid "permeability" ka weyn (taas oo ah, ka xun tayada), iyo laba u dhow silig shaqada hadda, aad u adag in la gaaro saamaynta dahaarka dhamaystiran, in si kale loo dhigo, waxay u badan tahay in ay soo saaraan shahaado qaar ka mid ah. daadid. Sidaa darteed, joogtaynta dielectric ee walxaha dahaarka guud ahaan, ka yar ayaa ka sii fiican. Joogtada dielectric ee biyaha waa 70, qoyaan aad u yar, waxay keeni doontaa isbeddello la taaban karo.
4. badankoodaxabagta xabagta epoxywaa xabag-dejinta kulaylka, waxay leedahay sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee soo socda: heerkulka sare ayaa si dhakhso ah u daaweynaya; xaddi isku dhafan oo ah sida ugu dhakhsaha badan daaweynta; habka daawaynta waxa uu leeyahay ifafaale exothermic.
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